Ulawulo lomjikelo wobomi bemali-mboleko

Ulawulo lomjikelo wobomi bemali-mboleko yindlela yokuqhuba imali-mboleko njengenkqubo enye eqhubekayo, ukususela kumbuzo wokuqala ukuya ekuvalweni kokugqibela — isicelo, uvavanyo, imvume, ukukhutshwa kwemali, ukubuyiswa kwemali, ukubekwa esweni, kunye nokugqitywa okanye ukufunyanwa kwemali — endaweni yokuyiphatha njengoluhlu lwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo eqhutywa ngabantu abahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Eli gama likho kuba ababolekisi abaninzi abalahlekelwa yimali ngenxa yesigqibo esinye esibi. Bayilahla kwizikhewu: imali-mboleko evunyiweyo kodwa engazange ikhutshwe, intlawulo eqokelelweyo kodwa engazange ibhalwe, umboleki oshiyeke ngeentsuku ezingamashumi amathathu kungekho mntu okubonayo, kunye nemali-mboleko esusiweyo kodwa esahleli ezincwadini njengempahla. Ulawulo lomjikelo wobomi yindlela yokuvala ezo zikhewu.

Amanqanaba omjikelo wobomi bemali-mboleko

Amanqanaba angezantsi alandelelana ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Amagama ayahluka phakathi kwamaziko, kodwa ulandelelwano lwawo lwahluka kanqabileyo.

1. Ukusekwa kwemali-mboleko. Umboleki wenza isicelo, ubuso ngobuso, ngegosa lasentsimini, okanye ngokusebenzisa iqonga lababoleki. Isazisi siyaqinisekiswa, amaxwebhu e-KYC ayathathwa, kwaye isicelo sikhangelwa ukuba sipheleleyo na. Kulapha apho irekhodi yedatha yemali-mboleko yenziwa khona — kwaye nantoni na engekhoyo apha iya kuhlala ingekho ubomi bonke bemali-mboleko.

2. Uvavanyo lwetyala. Umbolekisi ufumanisa ukuba umboleki uyakwazi na ukubuyisa imali kwaye ingaba kunokwenzeka na ukuba ayibuyise. Oku kubandakanya uvavanyo lokukwazi ukuhlawula, uqinisekiso lwengeniso, amatyala akhoyo, imbali yokuhlawula kwiziko lakho, kunye nayo nayiphi na idatha yeziko leengxelo zamatyala efumanekayo kwintengiso yakho. Kwimali-mboleko yamaqela, kubandakanya nembali yeqela ngokwalo.

3. Uhlolo nemvume. Isigqibo senziwa ngokwemigaqo-nkqubo yetyala yombolekisi, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yemvume enamanqanaba egunya achaziweyo — igosa lemali-mboleko lesebe liyacebisa, umphathi wesebe uyavuma ngaphakathi komda wakhe, kwaye nantoni na engaphezulu koko inyuselwa phezulu. Isiphumo ngumali evunyiweyo, umlinganiselo wenzala, ithuba, kunye neshedyuli yokuhlawula.

4. Amaxwebhu nesibambiso. Isivumelwano semali-mboleko siyasayinwa, abaqinisi bayabhalwa, kwaye naso nasiphi na isibambiso siyaxatyiswa size sifakwe kwirejista yezibambiso. Apho isibambiso sibhaliswa ngaphandle — isatifikethi sobunini, imoto, okanye impahla ehambisayo — ubhaliso kufuneka lugqityezelwe phambi kokuba imali ihambe, kungabi emva koko.

5. Ukukhutshwa kwemali. Imali iyakhutshwa kwaye imali-mboleko iyaqala ukusebenza. Umhla wokukhutshwa umisela ishedyuli yokuhlawula, ngoko impazamo apha itshintsha yonke imihla yokuhlawula elandelayo. Eli kwalixesha apho imali-mboleko ingena okokuqala kwincwadi yeakhawunti.

6. Ukuqhutywa nokubuyiswa kwemali. Elona nqanaba lide. Iintlawulo ziyangena, zabelwe phakathi kwezohlwayo, iintlawulo zenkonzo, inzala, kunye nemali esisiseko, kwaye ibhalansi esasalayo iyatshintsha. Iingxelo zeakhawunti nezikhumbuzo ziyathunyelwa. Naluphi na uhlengahlengiso, ukumiselwa kwakhona kweshedyuli, okanye imali eyongezelelweyo kwenzeka apha.

7. Ukubekwa esweni. Kuhamba kunye nokuqhutywa kwemali-mboleko. Umbolekisi ubukele ubudala bamatyala asemva, ingxenye yemali-mboleko esemngciphekweni, kunye nokuhlanganiselana kwemali-mboleko ngemveliso, ngesebe, okanye ngegosa, aze athabathe amanyathelo kwiimpawu zokuqala phambi kokuba imali-mboleko ibe yingxaki yokuqokelela.

8. Ukuqokelelwa nokufunyanwa kwemali. Apho ukubuyiswa kwemali kusilela khona. Izikhumbuzo zinyuka ziye kwiminxeba, iindwendwelo zasentsimini, unxibelelwano nabaqinisi, iileta zesibheno, ukusetyenziswa kwesibambiso, kunye namanyathelo omthetho. Imali-mboleko ihamba kumaqela obudala — iintsuku ezingama-30, ezingama-60, ezingama-90 nangaphezulu — kulindeleke impendulo eyahlukileyo kwinqanaba ngalinye.

9. Ukuvalwa. Nokuba imali-mboleko ihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo ize ivalwe, isibambiso sikhululwe kwaye irekhodi yomboleki ihlaziywe kumaboleko exesha elizayo, okanye isusiwe ezincwadini, ibekelwe imali, ize idluliselwe kwiqela lokufumana imali. Zombini ezi ziphumo kukuvalwa. Sinye kuphela esilungileyo.

Kutheni ukugqithiselwa kubaluleke ngaphezu kwamanqanaba

Inqanaba ngalinye kuluhlu olungentla luqondwa kakuhle luzimele. Phantse wonke umbolekisi angachaza indlela avavanya ngayo umboleki okanye indlela alandelela ngayo amatyala asemva. Ukusilela kwenzeka kwiindawo zokudibana.

Imali-mboleko ivunywa ngoLwesibini ize ikhutshwe ngoLwesihlanu, kodwa akukho mntu uhlaziya irekhodi yemvume, ngoko ukukhutshwa kubhalwa ngoLwesibini kwaye ishedyuli ishiyeke ngeentsuku ezintathu. Umboleki uhlawula kwisebe, umgcini-mali akubhale encwadini, ize intlawulo ifike kwirekhodi yemali-mboleko emva kweveki — kwaye ngelo xesha umboleki ubonakala esemva ngokuhlawula kwaye ufumana isikhumbuzo asele esiphendule. Isibambiso siyakhululwa xa imali-mboleko igqitywa, kodwa irejista isasibonisa sibanjiwe, ngoko sibekwa njengesibambiso kabini.

Akukho namnye kwezi ziyimpazamo yesigqibo. Ziimpazamo zokudlulisa ulwazi, kwaye kuko kanye oko ulawulo lomjikelo wobomi lwakhelwe ukukuthintela. Uvavanyo olusebenzayo lokuba umbolekisi ulawula umjikelo wobomi okanye ulawula amanqanaba nje lulula: xa kutshintsha into kwindawo ethile yemali-mboleko, ingaba yonke into elandelayo iyazihlaziya ngokwayo, okanye kufuneka kubekho umntu okhumbulayo?

Idatha ekufuneka ihambe nayo

Ukuze umjikelo wobomi ubambelele kunye, irekhodi enye kufuneka idlule kuwo onke amanqanaba ingabhalwa kwakhona. Ubuncinane:

• Isazisi somboleki, iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano, kunye namaxwebhu e-KYC
• Imiqathango evunyiweyo — imali esisiseko, umlinganiselo wenzala, iintlawulo, izohlwayo, ithuba, kunye nomjikelo wokuhlawula
• Ishedyuli yokuhlawula njengoko yamiselwa ekuqaleni, kunye nalo lonke utshintsho olulandelayo
• Intengiselwano nganye, nomhla wayo, umjelo owusebenzisileyo, kunye nendlela eyabiwe ngayo
• Isibambiso esibanjiweyo, ixabiso laso, kunye nemeko yaso yangoku
• Imbali epheleleyo yamatyala asemva, ingekuko nje imeko yangoku
• Ukuba ngubani ovume ntoni, nokuba nini

Elo candelo lokugqibela lelona lityeshelwayo rhoqo kwaye lelona lifuneka rhoqo. Imbali yeemvume yiyo eguqula imali-mboleko ephikisanwayo ibe yimali-mboleko enamaxwebhu, kwaye yeyona nto yokuqala eceliwa ngumlawuli okanye ngumphicothi-zincwadi.

Ulawulo lomjikelo wobomi bemali-mboleko xa kuthelekiswa namanye amagama

Ukusekwa kwemali-mboleko yinxalenye yokuqala kuphela yomjikelo wobomi — yonke into ukuya kufikelela ekukhutshweni kwemali. Inkqubo yokuseka egqithisela imali-mboleko kwispredishithi emva kokukhutshwa kwemali ibigubungele elona candelo lifutshane nelilula ebomini bemali-mboleko.

Ukusetyenzelwa kwemali-mboleko yinxalenye ephakathi: ukuqokelela nokubhala iintlawulo, ukufaka inzala nezohlwayo, kunye nokukhupha iingxelo zeakhawunti. Kulapho imali-mboleko ichitha khona uninzi lobomi bayo.

Inkqubo yolawulo lwemali-mboleko (LMS) ludidi lwesoftwe olugubungela wonke umjikelo wobomi kwindawo enye. Ulawulo lomjikelo wobomi yindlela yokusebenza; i-LMS sisixhobo abasisebenzisayo uninzi lwababolekisi ukwenza oko.

Apho ababolekisi babhajiswa khona

Umzobo oqhelekileyo asikokuba umbolekisi akanayo inkqubo. Kukuba unazo ezine.

Izicelo zihlala kwifayile yephepha okanye kwincoko ye-WhatsApp. Imali-mboleko evunyiweyo iya kwispredishithi. Iintlawulo zibhalwa kwincwadi yemali kwisebe ngalinye zize zihlanganiswe ekupheleni kwenyanga. Amatyala asemva alandelelwa kwispredishithi sesibini umntu asakha kwakhona rhoqo ngoMvulo. Nganye kwezi iyasebenza. Ngokudibeneyo, azisebenzi, kuba akukho nto ihambelanayo ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye inani ngalinye lixhomekeke ekubeni umntu ahlaziye icandelo lakhe.

Iimpawu ziyaziwa. Akukho mntu unokutsho namhlanje ukuba yimalini yonke imali-mboleko esasalayo ngaphandle kokubuza abantu abathathu. Ukuvala inyanga kuthatha iveki. Amasebe amabini axela umboleki omnye ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Inani lamatyala asemva kwingxelo yebhodi selineyanga xa lifundwa. Kwaye xa imali-mboleko ilimala, ukwakha kwakhona okwenzekileyo kuthetha ukufumana igosa ebeliyiphethe — elinokuba alisasebenzi apho.

Oku kuya kuba kubi njengoko ukhula, hayi ngcono. Imali-mboleko engamashumi amane inokugcinwa entlokweni yomntu omnye. Xa ifika kumakhulu amane, intloko iyasilela ngokuthe cwaka, kwaye uphawu lokuqala yimali-mboleko esusiweyo ebekufuneka ibanjwe ngosuku lwamashumi amathathu.